Autism is usually diagnosed within the first three years of life. Generally, more males are diagnosed to be on the spectrum compared to females. The exact ratio differs across studies, but current estimates indicate that there are about 3 – 4 males diagnosed with autism for every female.
Although most individuals are diagnosed early in life, some may not be diagnosed until they enter primary school, where their struggles with social interaction, executive function, or anxiety may become more obvious. Others may only receive a diagnosis in adulthood!
To receive a diagnosis of autism, a person must present with clinical characteristics in the following areas:
- Difficulties in social communication and social interaction
- Restricted, repetitive behaviours and interests
In addition to the clinical characteristics of autism, other aspects commonly considered are:
- Cognitive learning style
- Medical issues
- Special interests
- Likes and dislikes
It is important to remember that the range of intellectual abilities and skills in people on the autism spectrum is considerable. No two people with autism will be the same, adding to the complexity of diagnosis.
